Types of Plastics

Detailed information about the plastic machinery and raw materials to be showcased at the 34th International Istanbul Plastics Industry Fair, which will be held at the TÜYAP Fair and Congress Center from December 3 to 6, 2025, can be accessed here. You can gain in-depth knowledge about each plastic type by reading through the varieties listed below.

What is Bio Plastic?

Bioplastic a type of plastic derived partially or entirely from renewable biological sources rather than traditional fossil fuels. These sources typically include plants, such as corn, sugarcane, or algae, making bio-based plastics a more sustainable option. Unlike traditional plastics, which are made from petroleum, bio-based plastics aim to reduce dependency on non-renewable resources and, in some cases, lower carbon emissions during production.

Usage of Bioplastics

Packaging: Used for containers, wraps, bottles, and bags, especially in food and beverage sectors, where sustainability is increasingly important.
Agriculture: Employed in biodegradable mulch films and planting pots that decompose naturally, supporting soil health.
Consumer Goods: Applied in products like utensils, cosmetics packaging, and mobile phone casings, where both durability and eco-friendliness are desired.
Textiles and Automotive Parts: Incorporated into fibers for clothing and interior components in vehicles due to their light weight and durability.

What is Biodegradable Plastic?

Biodegradable plastics are designed to decompose naturally over time, breaking down through the action of living organisms, typically bacteria and fungi, into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. Biodegradable plastics are commonly used in applications where reducing waste and environmental impact is crucial, such as packaging, agricultural products, and disposable items like cutlery and bags.

Usage of Biodegradable Plastics

Used for food packaging, shopping bags, and wrapping materials. Plastics which are biodegradable help reduce plastic waste in landfills and oceans.
Applied in agricultural films, seedling pots, and mulch films. These products can decompose naturally in soil, helping farmers reduce plastic pollution without removing residues.
Disposable plates, cutlery, and straws made from biodegradable plastics are common in restaurants and food services. These items can break down faster than traditional plastics after use.
Biodegradable plastics are used in certain medical devices like sutures, drug-delivery systems, and implants, which naturally dissolve in the body over time.
Items like biodegradable trash bags, diapers, and packaging peanuts are increasingly popular as sustainable alternatives to traditional plastic products.

What is Engineering Plastic?

Engineering plastics are a group of plastics that are used for more demanding applications due to their superior mechanical and thermal properties compared to standard plastics. They are designed to withstand higher stress, heat, and harsh environmental conditions, making them ideal for various industrial and technical applications.

Usage of Engineering Plastics

Engineering plastics are used in car interiors, engine components, fuel systems, and exterior parts.
These plastics are widely used in the production of electrical housings, connectors, circuit boards, and insulation components due to their high resistance to heat and electrical conductivity.
Components like gears, bearings, conveyor systems, and housings are often made of engineering plastics because they can handle wear and tear, chemical exposure, and high loads, unlike many standard plastics.
In medical technology, engineering plastics are used for instruments, prosthetics, and diagnostic equipment where sterility, biocompatibility, and high precision are critical.
Products like high-performance sports equipment, home appliances, and tools often incorporate engineering plastics due to their strength, durability, and resistance to impact and temperature changes.

What is Elastomer?

Elastomer is a type of polymer with elastic properties, meaning it can stretch and return to its original shape when the force is removed, like rubber. The name "elastomer" comes from the combination of "elastic" and "polymer." Elastomers, including natural rubber and synthetic types like silicone and polyurethane, are highly versatile and valued for their durability and resilience in various industries.

Usage of Elastomer

Used in tires, seals, hoses, and gaskets due to their ability to withstand stress and deformation.
Elastomers are found in gloves, tubing, and seals for medical equipment, providing flexibility and sterility.
Commonly used in items like footwear, elastic bands, and adhesives.
Elastomeric materials are used for sealing and insulating applications, such as in expansion joints and waterproofing membranes.

What is Epoxy Resin?

Epoxy resin is a type of polymer known for its strong adhesive properties, chemical resistance, and durability. It is created by mixing two components: a resin and a hardener, which chemically react to form a solid, rigid material.

Usage of Epoxy Resin

Epoxy resin usage as strong adhesives in various industries, including construction, automotive, and electronics is common, due to their high bonding strength and durability.
They are commonly used as protective coatings for floors, metal, and other surfaces, offering resistance to corrosion, chemicals, and wear.
Epoxy resins are used in insulating electrical components like transformers and circuit boards because of their excellent electrical insulation properties.
In aerospace, marine, and sports equipment, epoxy resins are used to reinforce materials like carbon fiber and fiberglass, making them stronger and more lightweight.

What is Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)?

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is a lightweight, rigid, and foam-like plastic material made from polystyrene beads. It is well-known for its insulation properties and structural strength.

Usage of Expanded Polystyrene

EPS is widely used for packaging fragile items, such as electronics and appliances, due to its excellent shock absorption and cushioning abilities.
It is used in construction for thermal insulation in walls, roofs, and floors, helping to maintain energy efficiency in buildings.
Expanded polystyrene is commonly used in the food industry for disposable cups, plates, trays, and containers, as it provides good insulation for both hot and cold items.
In civil engineering, EPS is used for lightweight fill material, such as in road construction and for insulating concrete forms.

What is Fluoropolymer?

Fluoropolymers are a group of synthetic polymers characterized by their strong carbon-fluorine bonds. Their durability, chemical inertness, and resistance to extreme conditions make fluoropolymers valuable in a wide range of applications across various industries.

Usage of Fluoropolymers

Fluoropolymers are famously used in non-stick cookware coatings like Teflon. This property makes them ideal for reducing friction and preventing substances from sticking to surfaces.
Due to their high heat and chemical resistance, fluoropolymers are used in electrical insulation, especially in environments where wiring might be exposed to harsh conditions.
In the medical field, fluoropolymers are used in catheters, surgical instruments, and various other medical devices due to their non-reactive and biocompatible nature.
Fluoropolymers are used in the aerospace and automotive industries for seals, gaskets, and components exposed to high temperatures and aggressive chemicals.

What is Polyolefin?

Polyolefins are a class of polymers produced from simple olefins, such as ethylene or propylene. They are characterized by their lightweight, chemical resistance, and flexibility. Their broad usage across different sectors is a result of their cost-effectiveness, durability, and ease of processing.

Usage of Polyolefins

Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) are widely used in packaging applications, such as plastic bags, films, and food containers, due to their flexibility, moisture resistance, and durability.
Polypropylene (PP) is used in the production of fibers for textiles like carpets, rugs, and non-woven fabrics used in medical applications (e.g., disposable masks and gowns).
Polyolefins are used in automotive parts like bumpers, dashboards, and interior trim, as they provide excellent impact resistance and can be molded into complex shapes.
Everyday items such as plastic containers, kitchenware, and toys are often made from polyolefins due to their versatility, ease of molding, and safety for consumer use.
Polyolefin films are used in agriculture to cover greenhouses and mulch fields. These films help to control temperature, moisture, and weed growth, making them essential for modern farming.

What is Polietilen Teraftalat?

Polietilen teraftalat is a type of polyester commonly used in the production of plastic bottles, containers, and packaging materials. It is valued for its durability, lightweight nature, and ability to form a strong barrier against moisture and gases. PET is recyclable.

Usage of Polietilen Teraftalat

Most commonly used for soft drink and water bottles.
Used for packaging food items due to its safety and inertness.
PET fibers are used in clothing and upholstery.
Used in making films, sheets, and various other products.

What is Polystyrene?

Polystyrene is a synthetic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer made from the monomer styrene. It is widely used in various applications due to its versatility, lightweight nature, and ease of processing. Polystyrene can be found in both solid and foam forms, each with distinct properties and uses. Besides, polystyrene is not biodegradable and can pose environmental concerns, particularly in foam form, as it can break into smaller pieces that contribute to plastic pollution. Recycling options exist, but they can be limited depending on local facilities.

Usage of Polystyrene

Used extensively in food packaging, disposable cutlery, and containers due to its lightweight and protective properties.
In foam form, polystyrene is used in building insulation and as thermal packaging.
Commonly found in items like toys, electronics housings, and disposable cups.
Used in insulation boards and as a material for decorative moldings.

What is Polyurethane?

Polyurethane is a versatile polymer that is created through the reaction of polyols and isocyanates. It is known for its wide range of applications and properties, making it a popular material in various industries. Some formulations may release harmful substances when burned. However, advances in recycling technologies and the development of bio-based polyurethanes are being explored to address these issues.

Usage of Polyurethane

Used in furniture, mattresses, and automotive seating due to its comfort and support.
Rigid polyurethane foam is used in building insulation, refrigeration, and air conditioning.
Used in strong adhesive formulations for various materials.

What is Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)?

Polyvinyl chloride is a widely used synthetic plastic polymer made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers. It is known for its versatility, durability, and cost-effectiveness, making it one of the most common plastics in various applications. The production of vinyl chloride can release harmful chemicals, and when burned, PVC can release toxic substances such as dioxins. Recycling options exist, but they can be limited. Newer technologies aim to develop more environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional PVC.

Usage of Polyvinyl Chloride

Used extensively in pipes, siding, windows, and doors due to its durability and weather resistance.
Used for medical devices, such as IV bags and tubing, due to its safety and sterilization properties.
PVC is used in various packaging applications, including shrink wrap and containers.
Found in products like flooring, wall coverings, and toys.

What is Thermoplastic?

Thermoplastics are a type of plastic that becomes pliable or moldable upon heating and solidifies upon cooling. They can be repeatedly softened and reshaped through heating without undergoing any significant chemical change, which distinguishes them from thermosetting plastics, which harden permanently after being set.

Usage of Thermoplastics

Extensively used in flexible and rigid packaging due to their lightweight and protective qualities.
Used in various parts, including bumpers, dashboards, and interior components.
Found in household items, toys, and appliances.
Used in pipes, fittings, and various building materials.

What is Thermosetting Plastic?

Thermosetting plastics refer to a class of polymers that irreversibly harden when they are cured or set. Unlike thermoplastics, which can be reheated and reshaped, thermosetting plastics undergo a chemical change when heated, leading to a rigid structure that cannot be remelted or reformed. Efforts are ongoing to develop more sustainable alternatives and recycling methods for these materials.

Usage of Thermosetting Plastics

Used in composite materials for structural components due to their strength and heat resistance.
Used in circuit boards, encapsulation, and insulation materials.
Found in kitchenware, furniture, and various household items.

From December 3 to 6, 2025, at the 34th International Istanbul Plastics Industry Fair, you can get to know plastic machine manufacturers and vendors closely by checking our exhibitor list. Also, remember to see the online ticket options for the fair.

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